bargain / price tag Prix marchandé / prix affiché (此文初稿撰写于2009年 La première sortie de cet article a été en 2009.)
记得我的中国家人来法国时，曾经因为他们讨价还价的本领无用武之地，而多少有些扫兴而归。在法国，大到商业中心，小到个体商铺，所有出售的商品都使用价码标识，或电子价签，交易时没有讨价还价的场面。于是消费者无需多费口舌，只要在买和不买之间做出选择。即使是周末在露天零时搭建的自由集贸市场，商品也都明码标价，一是一二是二的没商量。
shopping in France, another feature of winter and twice a year (January and July) a unified national campaign for seasonal discounts. Because of the magnitude of the discount, the wide range of goods involved, the purchasing power of the weak for many families to afford to buy daily consumption of all kinds of brand goods. And the discount amount (from 20% to 70% range) are clearly marked on each item, so customers can be cost-effective at a glance without having to take pains to dispute the price.
bargaining in China, the prevailing tradition. Because China has not implemented a national bargains, there is no standardized system of electronic price tags, so shopping in China, to see if the real value for money is not easy.
China, even in the same city, different grades of shopping malls, different sections of the block, the same can be far from the price. So before shopping, went to the mall to get a clear idea of the actual price or market price and Kanjia magnitude can avoid "slaughtered" the tragic.
一般中国个体商贩集中的自由市场里商品都不明码标价。那么能否拿到划算的价格，完全取决于顾客和商贩的讨价还价大比拼。于是常常可以在个体商贸市场看到这样的戏剧性场景：卖主必须表现出一副亏本赔钱做买卖的架式，以预防贪婪的顾客出价过低；而顾客呢，即便对商品一见倾心，也一定不能显山露水，以避免卖主攻其软肋趁火打劫。卖主和顾客在一番抬杠式的较量过招之后，顾客通常假装拔腿就走。如果卖主马上在身后呼唤顾客回头，那么顾客对价钱的最终拍板基本上稳操胜局；可是如果卖主对顾客的离去无动于衷，那么顾客若想再回头，就只能甘拜下风，将定夺大权拱手相让了。于是乎，在中国购物常常变成了一件既考验耐力和说服力，又需要表演功力的趣事。
in China, even if the various large-scale modern business centers are clearly marked, but often there are some unspoken rules of business doorway. For example, there is no promotion in the business center of time, if you dare and the salesman lip theory about it, you can win price less than 5%, 10% to 20% discount. However, different types of commercial centers have different rules of the game, can not be generalized, so be sure to advance to master the local consulting market properly.
从表象上看，在法国的交易程序中规中矩，甚少自由议价的空间，这使得买卖过程缺乏互动的活力；而在中国呢，讨价还价带来一种语言搏弈的刺激感和成就感，并且价格的灵活变通为活跃市场创造了积极条件。然而，这却折射出两国之间深层次的市场制度差异：法国人的明码标价和季节性打折显示了市场公共规则的透明与规范，由此商人和顾客之间可以在一种普遍相对公平公正的原则下进行交易买卖。而在中国，因为市场公共规则普遍缺乏透明和规范，造成各种地方性的潜规则应运而生，于是能够吃透潜规则的人可以如鱼得水的捞足实惠，而不通晓潜规则的人则只能与公平公正失之交臂。
When my Chinese relatives are left to their short stay in France, they felt a bit disappointed because of the futility of their techniques to haggle. It is true that in France, either in malls or in small shops, they display all prices or applying the barcode system, we do not see the stage of bargaining. Thus, consumers have to choose between buying or not buying. Even in free markets opened outdoors for the weekend, the products are generally sold with prices labeled, without the clients taking the lead to negotiate.
Another specialty in the French, with regard to shopping, is to practice at the national balances held respectively in summer and winter (July and January). As the sale items affecting both scope and scale of price reductions as large as many households whose purchasing power is low, can finally buy products from brands they can not normally afford. Moreover, reductions (variable between 20% and 70%) are clearly displayed on each item, so that customers can easily judge their choices towards money, instead of fight for the righteous.
The Chinese, it is customary to haggle applicable regulations. Because China does not know, until today, the national standardization of salaries, or a barcode system regulated throughout the country. So, it is not clear whether the products purchased in China are worth the cost.
Often in a Chinese city, the same product could have a very fluctuating prices in shops and classified differently in different types of neighborhoods. To avoid being "ripped off" is necessary to well informed of real prices and margins of haggling before going shopping, whatever mall or market.
In a Chinese market comprising small individual traders, the products are generally exposed without a price tag. Able to do a good deal or not depends entirely on the outcome of bargaining between the customer and the merchant. Therefore theatrical scenes are repeated often in a typical Chinese market: on one hand, the seller plays ways to impress that they will lose profit with the price he offers, the objective of preventing the greed of the buyer who may ask a price too low, on the other hand, the buyer does not show his joy especially for a product which has a helping heart, in order to avoid the calculation of the vendor who could take advantage of this weakness tactics. After repeated verbal control, the buyer pretended to want to leave. If the seller is called immediately behind him to keep him is a good sign for the buyer who has the final say on virtually the final price. If the seller is indifferent vis-à-vis the departure of his client, he will lose the bet and inevitably there will do anything to resume negotiations in hand. Thus, shopping is actually a fun activity that is testing both the patience, persuasiveness and talent of the actor.
exist in China sub-rules also in large modern shopping centers where prices are openly displayed. Example: out promotional periods, if you dare to start a negotiation with the seller, you can often get a discount of 5%, 10% or 20% from the listed price. Yet the rules of the game seem so varied depending on the nature and category of a shopping center that is difficult to give a generality. In any case it should always go first to local experts usual rules.
the phenomenal point of view, shopping in France must follow the compliance that allows very little room for negotiation liberal, which seems little benefit to the active interaction between the sale and purchase, in However, the Chinese bargaining, which could give exciting and gratifying feeling after the fight verbally, is seen positive momentum in the market through price flexible and adaptable. However, this reflects the profound difference market between the two countries: the price displayed and balances widespread in France confirm the transparency and regulation on common rules of the market, which supports justice and fairness on trade disputes between merchants and consumers. As for the Chinese market, since lack of transparency and regulation on common rules, sub-local rules are generated quickly, so that those who understand perfectly the "tricks" can reap full benefits, while those do not recognize them, are distanced from justice and equity.
